These are two examples of a type of photograph that began appearing all over social media during April 2020. At that point, isolation and quarantine measures had been in place in many parts of the world for weeks or even months. The sudden reduction in traffic had a notable effect on the clarity of the atmosphere in these places. The Los Angeles photo is striking because LA is known for being under a yellow haze of smog to the point where a yellow tinge is associated with the city. The Himalayan Ranges image is striking because it reveals something that was previously invisible. There haven't been many upsides to COVID-19, but the demonstration of how it is within our power to drastically reduce air pollution is a powerful message. (Posted for class HUM 404) Creator: (Possibly) Bill Goss and Unknown

The Australian Government sent out a very curt mass text on the 25th of March to warn Australian citizens to follow COVID-19 guidelines. I chose this item because the timing and brevity was viewed by many as 'too little, too late'. It's a reflection of the fact that it took our government a week or two to absorb and act on the seriousness of the situation - not long before this message came out, the Prime Minister had still been encouraging people to attend football matches in high-capacity stadiums. Though the government eventually recognised the risk, and acted more decisively than some other countries, a large chunk of credit must go to Australians with the foresight to begin acting in advance of government instruction. By the time I received this message, my workplace had already been shut down to a work-from-home situation for a full two weeks, and the University of Tasmania's campuses had been shut down for five days. (HUM404)

Summary of radio episode about the corona virus affecting Las Vegas. *I created the summary and the original information is from Nevada Public Radio. *Nevada Public Radio. *Radio episode so like a podcast. #unlv #mlphelps #psc100

It summarizes an interview by Nevada Public Radio about the Corona Virus with Congressman Mark Amodei. #unlv #mlphelps #psc100

Maya Martinez Dr. Phelps PSC 401D-1001 State Politics May 14, 2020 Federalism in the Wake of the Coronavirus The United States’ founders initially established a system that granted all authority to the states and none to the federal government, in an attempt to protect against tyrannical executives; when this system of government failed, more authority was granted to the federal level of government, with the caveat of the 10th amendment, which is commonly known as the “states’ rights” amendment. It must have been inconceivable at the time to imagine five different types of federalism would emerge from the founders’ decision to divide power in the United States the way they did. The five types of federalism are dual federalism, cooperative federalism, centralized federalism, new federalism, and ad hoc federalism (Greenblatt and Smith). Dual federalism lasted from 1789 to 1933. It was the variety of federalism that distinctly separated responsibilities and jurisdictions, with federal and state authority in clear layers, like chocoflan. Cooperative federalism was the backlash against dual federalism, occurring once it became clear the federal and state levels of government would always end up overlapping and muddled, never following the clear layers dual federalists advocated for. It lasted from 1933 to 1964. The Great Depression was one of cooperative federalism’s biggest developers as well, as local and state governments relied heavily on the federal government’s money and programs to support their people, granting more authority to the federal government in exchange. Centralized federalism was the next version of federal to take place, occurring from 1964 to 1980; this was a shift of power to the federal government, where grants limited the restrictions placed on states, but the amount of money the federal government gave states as well. New federalism occurred as republicans attempted to limit federal authority and return power to the states, from 1980 to 2002. The last and most recent phase of federalism began after in 2002 and is ongoing at the moment; this is ad hoc federalism. Ad hoc federalism is when the federal government either supports federal authority or states’ rights theory depending on which party is involved. The United States under Covid-19 is still in ad hoc federalism. The governor of Nevada instituted a mandatory stay at home order at the end of March, and like other governors, did not sway at the prodding of a president who only desired for the economy to open up without any concern about citizens’ lives. Economic growth is typically touted by both parties, but when it’s combined with a lack of concern over others’ well-being, it is a desire of the Republican Party. An obvious example of the U.S. still being in ad hoc federalism has been the president at first claiming that governors should be the ones in charge of the pandemic response, until he wanted to open the economy, then started talking about how the president was the most significant person in the country (Borger). Trump was obviously bouncing between federal and state responsibilities based off of what policy suited him and his party, which can also be seen in his preferential treatment of Republican states asking for supplies and resisting assisting blue states (Geltzer). Responses from the federal government, like the $1200 stimulus checks, were largely passed through bi-partisan efforts in Congress and had very little to do with Trump. Clearly, this is one executive who doesn’t know how to handle a pandemic, not that anyone should be surprised. States are lucky enough to have governors smart enough to collaborate to purchase supplies together and not let the president divide them, however, states having to take most of the action has led to a highly uneven response to the pandemic that could only occur under federalism. While it is good to imitate states that have flattened the curve early on like Washington, more unitary governments like South Korea have handled the crisis so quickly, it’s become clear there are advantages to centralized power during times of emergency. Work Cited Borger, Gloria. “Trump Wanted States to Take the Lead on Coronavirus. Until He Didn't.” CNN, Cable News Network, 13 Apr. 2020, www.cnn.com/2020/04/13/politics/borger-analysis-federalism-trump/index.html. Cook, Nancy, and Dan Diamond. “'A Darwinian Approach to Federalism': States Confront New Reality under Trump.” POLITICO, www.politico.com/news/2020/03/31/governors-trump-coronavirus-156875. Diamond, Martin. “The Federalist on Federalism: ‘Neither a National Nor a Federal Constitution, But a Composition of Both.’” The Yale Law Journal , vol. 86, no. 1273, 1977. Geltzer, Joshua A. “Perspective | Trump's 'Corona-Federalism' Pits States against Each Other. It's a Disaster.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 8 Apr. 2020, www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/04/08/trump-corona-federalism/. Glick, Noah, et al. “Novel Coronavirus In Nevada: April 8-14.” KUNR, www.kunr.org/post/novel-coronavirus-nevada-april-8-14#stream/0. Greenblatt, Alan. “Federal-State Relations.” CQ Researcher, vol. 28, no. 16, 27 Apr. 2018. Haffajee, Rebecca L., et al. “Thinking Globally, Acting Locally - The U.S. Response to Covid-19: NEJM.” New England Journal of Medicine, 7 May 2020, www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2006740. Law, John. “How Can We Define Federalism.” Perspectives on Federalism, vol. 5, no. 3, 2013. Smith, Kevin B., and Alan Greenblatt. “Chapter 2 Federalism.” Governing States and Localities, 7th ed., CQ Press, 2020, pp. 23–47. Wilson, Chris. “Here's How Quickly Coronavirus Is Spreading in Your State.” Time, Time, 13 May 2020, time.com/5814139/coronavirus-state-data-tracker/.

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A summary on Governor Sisolak's response to Mayor Goodman's CNN interview #unlv #psc100 #mlphelps

In March, during the early days of the COVID-19 outbreak reaching Europe, Australia, and the USA, some people were still taking the risk less seriously than others. Twitter has a nose for irony, and a lot of people picked up on what happened to basketballer Rudy Gobert. In early March when the NBA was still denying the need to shut down the season, he touched every microphone and surface he could reach to mock the possibility of COVID-19. A week later, he was sick with it, and the NBA season was called off. Twitter user Jeffery Cook (@JefferyCook)

Governer Sisolak response to Mayor Goodman's statement about reopening the city of Las Vegas.

It is a recap/review of Las Vegas City's reaction to the pandemic. #KNPR #StateofNevada #unlv #mlphelps #psc100

#PSC401D #mlphelps #UNLV

#unlv #PSC401D #mlphelps

How to reopen the Las Vegas Strip

this is one of many online assignments i had to do after classes moved to remote instruction *i am personally responsible for the creation of the document * https://knpr.org/knpr/2020-04/governor-says-resorts-worried-mayors-comments-will-hurt-vegas host joe schoemann guest gov steve sisolak * a radio broadcast summarized in a word document

An essay based on a the State of Nevada program's discussion on the water usage in Nevada and if/how it has become affected because of the pandemic. *It was an assignment for a PSC 101 course at the University of Nevada Las Vegas *A student at the University of Nevada Las Vegas *An essay

It is a zine of my personal perspectives, experiences, and observations during self-isolation.

Johanna Martinez Professor Nolan English 1A 16 May 2020 My Story Since the pandemics involving the coronavirus has occurred everything has changed for the worst including lifestyle, work, and school. I live in a house in Sky Valley with both my parents and two brothers. It is a house of 5 acres so we have a high monthly bill. Both my parents do not work so it's only my siblings and I who pay the rent. It has been very tough for me paying bills at such a young age that even with the COVID-19 it became much harder. I have been the one buying the groceries as well since I do not want my parents to be exposed to the vious since I know their amnt system is weak. However, it becomes hard since my mom has medicine she needs to be taking that only she can pick up which gets me very worried every time she goes. On the other hand, my sister just had her first baby and my family and I were very worried when she was at the hospital as well for the baby. Once she was out it was hard not being able to see the baby but we know it is for the best to keep her safe and healthy. All we received is pictures daily of how big shes is getting and how they are doing as well. I have also taken into my own hands helping my sister and her boyfriend out by buying them the groceries they need so the baby is safe with them home. Furthermore, work has been another challenge I have been facing daily since the epidemic started. My hours at work have dropped horribly which meant I was not going to be making the same amount of money as before. Now that I go to work I get more frustrated since when I do work we are not busy I go home two or three hours into my shift which does not help since it is more than a half hour drive so I have to pump gas often. As for my work environment it has also been hard working with gloves and a facemask since I do work with money I find it more challenging to make sure I have the right amount back or even breath well. Since I know I have to also help support my family by working I keep going to work trying to make the best of it. When I do come home I am careful and go straight to shower before seeing my family and having dinner with them. As for school it has also been very hard transfering to online class since I struggle more with learning online. Since the pandemic has started I have dropped two classes because it was being very challenging for me and was stressing way too much. I have been trying to get better at keeping up with my homework but it has gotten to the point where I forget or never see the notification. Now that the next semester is going to be the same as online class it is going to be hard again choosing classes I will be able to keep up with. Overall, it has been pretty tough dealing with the COVID-19 trying to keep my family safe because we are doing our best to protect ourselves.

An image of Salamanca on a Saturday morning. Where usually there is a bustling market full of tourists and locals now there is a COVID-19 testing site. The area was mostly empty and silent, and those who did walk past looked tense and uncertain.

Protests calling to reopen the economy in Nevada, and across the country, have grown more animated as the coronavirus pandemic wears on.

This short paper was written in regards to the state of Nevada program on the radio station 88.9fm. I wrote the paper in regards to the state of Nevada program hosted by Joe Schoenmann.

Myself and Podcast Since the school shut down, I started this essay

I have learned in this quarantine that is you want to do something and not be lazy, then you must attack it head on and just go for it. The hardest part of accomplishing something is definitely starting. If you can start the thing you want, then you are more motivated to finish it because you have already spent time and effort trying to accomplish the thing you want. Even when I get out of this quarantine, I am going to try to apply this to my daily life. I really wonder when things are going to get back to normal, or if things will go back to normal. This might be the new normal which is a scary thought. I hope this is not the new normal because I had a plan for my future. Well kind of, but this is definitely not what I had planned. I am trying to remember that it is not about what I want for my future or what I think is supposed to happen in my life. It is about God’s plan and what he wants to happen in my life.

Everyday feels the same. I am so bored and tired. My sleep schedule is messed up. I have absolutely zero motivation left to work out because I won’t even have a swim meet until I become a teenager. The highlight of my day was definitely going to Ross. So much has changed though. You can only have a certain number of people in the store, so the workers count everyone and make some people wait outside until someone inside is done shopping. Most of the people are wearing masks and when workers come in, they have to sanitize and get their temperature checked. On top of that everyone is pushed to social distance as there are arrows on the ground guiding you. Lastly, when you check out you and the cashier are separated by a thick clear sheet of plastic.

I was so tired from the minute I got out of bed. I only got out of bed at that time because everyone else in the house was already up and about. I took Elena to preschool and did my schoolwork. During my schoolwork I ate a piece of cake. I shouldn’t have done it. I should have eaten something healthy. I have, despite my best efforts, gained weight during this quarantine. Ross finally opened up again today with really low prices and my mom got me some clothes that I was very happy for. I am so happy to be blessed enough to be able to have nice new clothes. I tried them all on and my favorite were the camo pants. I was really tired and hungry during my workout, but I was hydrating better and ever before. I also got to do a fun game that my sister got for her birthday. It was actually cool.

I felt that there was nothing that made today stand out. I woke up really late. (Which seems to be the usual) I ate a cupcake and porridge. After that I did my schoolwork for the day. I am almost done with 7th grade! I then did my entire normal workout routine. I didn’t work out yesterday because it was my sister’s fifth birthday. I am so tired after taking only one day off. On the other hand, my mom and grandmother got me new running shoes since my other ones were giving me blisters. We ate Costco pizza for lunch. I had to eat fast since I had a scheduled Zoom meeting with my swimming coach to attend to. The meeting was about the Commencement Address by Admiral William H. McRaven. I also read his book a while ago. My coach, I, and other kids on my team my age talked about ten things you need to do if you want to change the world as discussed by Admiral McRaven. I also ate dinner, read a little, watched a little TV, and did more schoolwork. I am tired.

Today my baby sister Elena turned five years old. She has just been a light and a breath of fresh air ever since she has entered this world. I have loved watching her grow up and learn new things. She may be trying at times, but things always seem to pan out perfectly. I love her so much. I pray that God protect her and watch over her all the days of her life. Please guide her and help her grow in her faith in you, Lord. We had so many fun surprises in Elena’s birthday celebrations. I made her breakfast, waffles with chocolate shaped in a cute animal with blueberries for its eyes and mouth and a blackberry for the nose. Then we dropped her off at preschool with cupcakes. Then, once she came home, we ate lunch. After that we took photos in our homemade photobooth. Then we played Pin-the-Moustache-on-the-Kitty. Elena won of course. Since she won, we gave Elena cake as a surprise for her win. After that we did the pinata. Lastly, we had presents. Today was a good day. #LSMS #NSD

University of California, Irvine updates on COVID-19

My sister has been jumping for joy this entire day because tomorrow is her birthday. She is turning five. She is so young and excited for this one day of the year. Her excitement has rubbed off on me and brought me some joy during this quarantine. I am sad though that her birthday cannot be as good as it could be because of the coronavirus. She has never experienced a party with her friends. I am motivated in spite of everything to do everything in my power to make her birthday special. I planned everything, made a pinata, went to buy decorations and a cake, and am going to cook her breakfast and doughnuts. I know it is a lot, but I really believe that God will give me the strength to bear it and make Elena’s 5th birthday amazing. I know it will take a lot of work and it won’t be easy, but I am ready and excited to take on the challenge. I also need to in this time do my school for the day. I won’t say I’m stressed because this is just a small party among our family to make Elena happy on her special day. I hope everything goes well. #LSMS #NSD

Joshua Palagi Professor Martha Phelps Political Science 401D 7 May 2020 Disease and Division: Federalism in the Time of the Coronavirus

"I thought it would be funny to have my animal villagers in a lecture hall and to create scene that was relatable. I decided to share this photo with other students and maybe encourage others to make other funny UCI-related scenes and memes within the game." - Joshua Montefalcon, 2020 *UCI Almunmus Joshua Montefalcon, '18

During the pandemic, most restaurants remain open, but only allow for take-outs and deliveries. Popeyes posts a sign noting "no mask, no service" and the chairs are put up to prevent customers from lingering and to enforce social distancing in the store.

In this KNPR episode, Andre Carrier discusses ways on how to bring up the economy in the face of the pandemic.

A Colorado teenager describes their experience during COVID-19

A person's thoughts on COVID-19 and their strategies for protecting themselves from the disease.

This segment summary was written by a college student during the pandemic. It required the student to write the summary of an interview in which Sen. Bernie Sanders, a presidential candidate, was racing during this pandemic. *College student *Bernie Sanders, KNPR radio host

A student's paper describing how federalism has affected the United State's response to the pandemic.

A student's paper discussing how federalism has influenced how the United States has responded to the pandemic.

A student's paper discussing a KNPR segment on how the pandemic may affect water usage in Nevada.

On a trip through Pickens, SC my partner and I happened to pull into the parking lot of what appeared to be a very closed real estate agent with beautiful flowering garden running wild in front of it. I don't know if the business is closed because of the Coronavirus or just because it is Saturday but this picture made me think about how little nature cares about our business, even the nature we think we control. Even though we might have planted them there those flowers will keep growing beautifully with or without us.

Signs outside of Heritage Elementary School in Traveler's Rest, SC honoring their faculty and expressing love for their missing students.

Across the country and the world graduating students have missed the rite of passage that is their graduation ceremony due to the need for social distancing canceling all large gatherings. Communities have looked for ways to honor them and make this time feel special. In Traveler's Rest, SC the main street is lined with signs which feature the senior photos and names of the graduates. These pictures show only a small selection, the signs run the length of the small town's main strip.

This is an event sight in Pickens, SC, a place to hold weddings etc. The parts which are finished are absolutely beautiful but work stopped on the rest of the grounds when the pandemic began and one has to wonder if the need for social distancing and the economic downturn will make it impossible for the owners to continue the project. The piece of land is beautiful if scarred up at the moment and if it doesn't end up an event space it should become a park. My partner and I stumbled across it looking for a place to turn around because Table Rock State Park was at capacity. We could always use more beautiful places to spend time in nature, especially now.

A submission describing a person's struggle with their mental health during the pandemic and resulting lockdown, detailing how isolation has negatively impacted their mental health.

I found this chalk heart on the sidewalk outside of Heritage Elementary School in Traveler's Rest, SC. It made me smile and gave me hope to see it and it just felt important to pass along. So much of what ends up documented here is how life has changed. This reminded me that the important things haven't: joy and love and play are all still happening.

This is the town Spirit Stone in Traveler's Rest, SC. It is in front of Heritage Elementary School and people decorate it to celebrate special events, birthdays etc. Here someone has altered the a's in an ordinary birthday message so they are "wearing" masks. Neither the original artists nor the person who added the masks left a signature.

Front stoop on Chestnut Street; someone, presumably a tenant, has put the masks recommended by the CDC on a Green Man sculpture and a lion statue. We have to find fun & joy where we can! *I don't know who put the masks on the sculptures. Photograph taken by Ashley Enochs. *Ashley Enochs, Boston MA

A student's paper on how federalism in the US has impacted the country's response to COVID-19.

A student's paper discussing the federal government's response to COVID-19.

A student's paper discussing a KNPR program on the topic of reopening Las Vegas and Clark County, Nevada in the midst of the pandemic.